Ваљкасти ланац или чаурни ваљкасти ланац је врста ланчаног погона који се најчешће користи за пренос механичког ЦЗПТ-а на многим врстама кућних, индустријских и пољопривредних машина, укључујући транспортере, машине за извлачење жице и цеви, штампарске машине, аутомобиле, мотоцикле и бицикле. Састоји се од низа кратких цилиндричних ваљака које држе заједно бочне карике. Покреће га назубљени точак који се назива ланчаник. То је једноставан, поуздан и ефикасан начин преноса ЦЗПТ-а.
КОНСТРУКЦИЈА ЛАНЦА
Две различите величине ваљкастог ланца, које приказују конструкцију.
There are two types of links alternating in the bush roller chain. The first type is inner links, having two inner plates held together by two sleeves or bushings upon which rotate two rollers. Inner links alternate with the CZPT type, the outer links, consisting of two outer plates held together by pins passing through the bushings of the inner links. The “bushingless” roller chain is similar in operation though not in construction; instead of separate bushings or sleeves holding the inner plates together, the plate has a tube stamped into it protruding from the hole which serves the same purpose. This has the advantage of removing one step in assembly of the chain.
The roller chain design reduces friction compared to simpler designs, resulting in higher efficiency and less wear. The original CZPT transmission chain varieties lacked rollers and bushings, with both the inner and outer plates held by pins which directly contacted the sprocket teeth; however this configuration exhibited extremely rapid wear of both the sprocket teeth, and the plates where they pivoted on the pins. This problem was partially solved by the development of bushed chains, with the pins holding the outer plates passing through bushings or sleeves connecting the inner plates. This distributed the wear over a greater area; however the teeth of the sprockets still wore more rapidly than is desirable, from the sliding friction against the bushings. The addition of rollers surrounding the bushing sleeves of the chain and provided rolling contact with the teeth of the sprockets resulting in excellent resistance to wear of both sprockets and chain as well. There is even very low friction, as CZPT as the chain is sufficiently lubricated. Continuous, clean, lubrication of roller chains is of primary importance for efficient operation as well as correct tensioning.
ПОДМАЗИВАЊЕ
Many driving chains (for example, in factory equipment, or driving a camshaft inside an internal combustion engine) operate in clean environments, and thus the wearing surfaces (that is, the pins and bushings) are safe from precipitation and airborne grit, many even in a sealed environment such as an oil bath. Some roller chains are designed to have o-rings built into the space between the outside link plate and the inside roller link plates. Chain manufacturers began to include this feature in 1971 after the application was invented by Joseph Montano while working for Whitney Chain of Hartford, Connecticut. O-rings were included as a way to improve lubrication to the links of CZPT transmission chains, a service that is vitally important to extending their working life. These rubber fixtures form a barrier that holds factory applied lubricating grease inside the pin and bushing wear areas. Further, the rubber o-rings prevent dirt and other contaminants from entering inside the chain linkages, where such particles would otherwise cause significant wear.[citation needed]
Такође постоји много ланаца који морају да раде у прљавим условима и због величине или оперативних разлога не могу бити заптивени. Примери укључују ланце на пољопривредној опреми, бициклима и моторним тестерама. Ови ланци ће нужно имати релативно високе стопе хабања, посебно када су оператери спремни да прихвате веће трење, мању ефикасност, више буке и чешћу замену јер занемарују подмазивање и подешавање.
Many oil-based lubricants attract dirt and other particles, eventually forming an abrasive paste that will compound wear on chains. This problem can be circumvented by use of a “dry” PTFE spray, which forms a solid film after application and repels both particles and moisture.
ВАРИЈАНТЕ ДИЗАЈНА
Layout of a roller chain: 1. Outer plate, 2. Inner plate, 3. Pin, 4. Bushing, 5. Roller
If the chain is not being used for a high wear application (for instance if it is just transmitting motion from a hand-operated lever to a control shaft on a machine, or a sliding door on an oven), then one of the simpler types of chain may still be used. Conversely, where extra strength but the smooth drive of a smaller pitch is required, the chain may be “siamesed”; instead of just two rows of plates on the outer sides of the chain, there may be three (“duplex”), four (“triplex”), or more rows of plates running parallel, with bushings and rollers between each adjacent pair, and the same number of rows of teeth running in parallel on the sprockets to match. Timing chains on automotive engines, for example, typically have multiple rows of plates called strands.
Roller chain is made in several sizes, the most common CZPT ican National CZPT CZPT (ANSI) standards being 40, 50, 60, and 80. The first digit(s) indicate the pitch of the chain in eighths of an inch, with the last digit being 0 for standard chain, 1 for lightweight chain, and 5 for bushed chain with no rollers. Thus, a chain with half-inch pitch would be a #40 while a #160 sprocket would have teeth spaced 2 inches apart, etc. Metric pitches are expressed in sixteenths of an inch; thus a metric #8 chain (08B-1) would be equivalent to an ANSI #40. Most roller chain is made from plain carbon or alloy steel, but stainless steel is used in food processing machinery or other places where lubrication is a problem, and nylon or brass are occasionally seen for the same reason.
Roller chain is ordinarily hooked up using a master link (also known as a connecting link), which typically has one pin held by a horseshoe clip rather than friction fit, allowing it to be inserted or removed with simple tools. Chain with a removable link or pin is also known as cottered chain, which allows the length of the chain to be adjusted. Half links (also known as offsets) are CZPT and are used to increase the length of the chain by a single roller. Riveted roller chain has the master link (also known as a connecting link) “riveted” or mashed on the ends. These pins are made to be durable and are not removable.
УПОТРЕБА
An example of two ‘ghost’ sprockets tensioning a triplex roller chain system
Ваљкасти ланци се користе у погонима мале до средње брзине при брзинама од око 180 до 240 метара у минути; међутим, при већим брзинама, око 600 до 900 метара у минути, обично се користе клинасти каишеви због проблема са хабањем и буком.
A bicycle chain is a form of roller chain. Bicycle chains may have a master link, or may require a chain tool for removal and installation. A similar but larger and thus stronger chain is used on most motorcycles although it is sometimes replaced by either a toothed belt or a shaft drive, which offer lower noise level and fewer maintenance requirements.
Велика већина аутомобилских мотора користи ваљкасте ланце за погон брегасте осовине. Мотори веома високих перформанси често користе зупчани погон, а почев од раних 1960-их, неки произвођачи су почели да користе зупчасте каишеве.
Chains are also used in forklifts using hydraulic rams as a pulley to raise and lower the carriage; however, these chains are not considered roller chains, but are classified as lift or leaf chains.
Ланци за сечење моторних тестера површно подсећају на ваљкасте ланце, али су ближи лиснатим ланцима. Покрећу их избочене погонске карике које такође служе за фиксирање ланца на шипку.
Sea Harrier FA.2 ZA195 CZPT (cold) vector thrust nozzle – the nozzle is rotated by a chain drive from an air motor
A perhaps unusual use of a pair of motorcycle chains is in the Harrier Jump CZPT , where a chain drive from an air motor is used to rotate the movable engine nozzles, allowing them to be pointed downwards for hovering flight, or to the rear for normal forward flight, a system known as Thrust vectoring.
WEAR
The effect of wear on a roller chain is to increase the pitch (spacing of the links), causing the chain to grow CZPT er. Note that this is due to wear at the pivoting pins and bushes, not from actual stretching of the metal (as does happen to some flexible steel components such as the hand-brake cable of a motor vehicle).
With modern chains it is unusual for a chain (other than that of a bicycle) to wear until it breaks, since a worn chain leads to the rapid onset of wear on the teeth of the sprockets, with ultimate failure being the loss of all the teeth on the sprocket. The sprockets (in particular the smaller of the two) suffer a grinding motion that puts a characteristic hook shape into the driven face of the teeth. (This effect is made worse by a chain improperly tensioned, but is unavoidable no matter what care is taken). The worn teeth (and chain) no CZPT er provides smooth transmission of CZPT and this may become evident from the noise, the vibration or (in car engines using a timing chain) the variation in ignition timing seen with a timing light. Both sprockets and chain should be replaced in these cases, since a new chain on worn sprockets will not last CZPT . However, in less severe cases it may be possible to save the larger of the two sprockets, since it is always the smaller one that suffers the most wear. Only in very light-weight applications such as a bicycle, or in extreme cases of improper tension, will the chain normally jump off the sprockets.
The lengthening due to wear of a chain is calculated by the following formula:
M = the length of a number of links measured
S = the number of links measured
P = Pitch
In industry, it is usual to monitor the movement of the chain tensioner (whether manual or automatic) or the exact length of a drive chain (one rule of thumb is to replace a roller chain which has elongated 3% on an adjustable drive or 1.5% on a fixed-center drive). A simpler method, particularly suitable for the cycle or motorcycle user, is to attempt to pull the chain away from the larger of the two sprockets, whilst ensuring the chain is taut. Any significant movement (e.g. making it possible to see through a gap) probably indicates a chain worn up to and beyond the limit. CZPT damage will result if the problem is ignored. CZPT wear cancels this effect, and may mask chain wear.
ЧВРСТОЋА ЛАНЦА
The most common measure of roller chain’s strength is tensile strength. Tensile strength represents how much load a chain can withstand under a one-time load before breaking. Just as important as tensile strength is a chain’s fatigue strength. The critical factors in a chain’s fatigue strength is the quality of steel used to manufacture the chain, the heat treatment of the chain components, the quality of the pitch hole fabrication of the linkplates, and the type of shot plus the intensity of shot peen coverage on the linkplates. CZPT factors can include the thickness of the linkplates and the design (contour) of the linkplates. The rule of thumb for roller chain operating on a continuous drive is for the chain load to not exceed a mere 1/6 or 1/9 of the chain’s tensile strength, depending on the type of master links used (press-fit vs. slip-fit)[потребан је цитат]. Roller chains operating on a continuous drive beyond these thresholds can and typically do fail prematurely via linkplate fatigue failure.
The standard minimum ultimate strength of the ANSI 29.1 steel chain is 12,500 x (pitch, in inches)2. X-ring and O-Ring chains greatly decrease wear by means of internal lubricants, increasing chain life. The internal lubrication is inserted by means of a vacuum when riveting the chain together.
ЛАНАЦ СТХангЗхоуРДС
Организације за стандардизацију (као што су ANSI и ISO) одржавају стандарде за дизајн, димензије и заменљивост преносних ланаца. На пример, следећа табела приказује податке из ANSI стандарда B29.1-2011 (Прецизни CZPT преносни ваљкасти ланци, прикључци и CZPT) који је развило CZPT иканско друштво CZPT инжењера (ASME). Погледајте референце.[8][9][10] за додатне информације.
ASME/ANSI B29.1-2011 Стандардне величине ваљкастих ланаца Величина Корак Максимални пречник ваљка Минимална гранична затезна чврстоћа CZPT Мерно оптерећење 25
| Стандардне величине ваљкастих ланаца ASME/ANSI B29.1-2011 | ||||
| Величина | Тон | Максимални пречник ваљка | Минимална затезна чврстоћа CZPT | Мерење оптерећења |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | 0,250 инча (6,35 мм) | 0,130 инча (3,30 мм) | 780 фунти (350 кг) | 8,2 кг |
| 35 | 0,375 инча (9,53 мм) | 0,200 инча (5,08 мм) | 800 кг | 8,2 кг |
| 41 | 0,500 инча (12,70 мм) | 0,306 инча (7,77 мм) | 680 кг | 8,2 кг |
| 40 | 0,500 инча (12,70 мм) | 0,312 инча (7,92 мм) | 3.125 фунти (1.417 кг) | 31 фунта (14 кг) |
| 50 | 0,625 инча (15,88 мм) | 0,400 инча (10,16 мм) | 4.880 фунти (2.210 кг) | 22 кг |
| 60 | 0,750 инча (19,05 мм) | 0,469 инча (11,91 мм) | 7.030 фунти (3.190 кг) | 70 фунти (32 кг) |
| 80 | 1.000 инча (25,40 мм) | 0,625 инча (15,88 мм) | 12.500 фунти (5.700 кг) | 57 кг |
| 100 | 1,250 инча (31,75 мм) | 0,750 инча (19,05 мм) | 19.531 фунти (8.859 кг) | 88 кг |
| 120 | 1.500 инча (38,10 мм) | 0,875 инча (22,23 мм) | 28.125 фунти (12.757 кг) | 281 фунта (127 кг) |
| 140 | 1,750 инча (44,45 мм) | 1.000 инча (25,40 мм) | 38.280 фунти (17.360 кг) | 383 фунте (174 кг) |
| 160 | 2.000 инча (50,80 мм) | 1,125 инча (28,58 мм) | 50.000 фунти (23.000 кг) | 500 lb (230 kg) |
| 180 | 2,250 инча (57,15 мм) | 1,460 инча (37,08 мм) | 63.280 фунти (28.700 кг) | 633 фунте (287 кг) |
| 200 | 2.500 инча (63,50 мм) | 1,562 инча (39,67 мм) | 78.175 фунти (35.460 кг) | 781 фунти (354 кг) |
| 240 | 3.000 инча (76,20 мм) | 1,875 инча (47,63 мм) | 112.500 фунти (51.000 кг) | 1.000 lb (450 kg) |
У мнемоничке сврхе, у наставку је још један приказ кључних димензија из истог стандарда, изражених у деловима инча (што је био део размишљања иза избора преферираних бројева у ANSI стандарду):
| Нагиб (инчи) | Изражена висина тона у осминама | ANSI стандард број ланца | Ширина (инчи) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1⁄4 | 2⁄8 | 25 | 1⁄8 |
| 3⁄8 | 3⁄8 | 35 | 3⁄16 |
| 1⁄2 | 4⁄8 | 41 | 1⁄4 |
| 1⁄2 | 4⁄8 | 40 | 5⁄16 |
| 5⁄8 | 5⁄8 | 50 | 3⁄8 |
| 3⁄4 | 6⁄8 | 60 | 1⁄2 |
| 1 | 8⁄8 | 80 | 5⁄8 |
Typically chains with parallel shaped links have an even number of links, with each narrow link followed by a broad one. Chains built up with a uniform type of link, narrow at one and broad at the other end, can be made with an odd number of links, which can be an advantage to adapt to a special chainwheel-distance; on the other side such a chain tends to be not so strong.
Ваљкасти ланци направљени према ISO стандарду понекад се називају изоланци.
ЗАШТО ДА НАС ИЗАБЕРЕТЕ
219 комплета аутоматске производне опреме CZPT d гарантује висок квалитет производа. 167 инжењера и техничара са високим стручним звањима могу да пројектују и развијају производе који задовољавају тачне захтеве CZPT произвођача, а CZPT CZPT продукције су такође CZPT сарадња. Наша стабилна глобална сервисна мрежа може да пружи CZPT произвођачима благовремене постпродајне техничке услуге.
Ми нисмо само произвођач и добављач, већ и индустријски консултант. Проактивно сарађујемо са вама како бисмо вам понудили стручне савете и препоруке за производе како бисмо на крају пронашли најисплативији производ CZPT за вашу специфичну примену. Клијенти којима служимо, CZPT, крећу се од крајњих корисника до дистрибутера и CZPT-оваца. Наше CZPT замене могу се заменити где год је то потребно и погодне су како за поправку, тако и за нове склопове.
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